Types of arguments

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 * Tools/Logic

Logical argument forms and commonly accepted arguments which provide the basis for logical tools

DEDUCTIVE - if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true Syllogisms - premises, conclusion, logically valid, sound (whatever that means) Razors - see the page for these. These are guides and not absolute (I would say)

Modus Ponens - (to put), if p then q, p, therefore q Modus Tollens - (taking), if p then q, no q, therefore not p  Hypotheitical syllogism - (barbara), if p then q, if q then r, therefore if p then r  Disjuntive syllogism - p or q, not p, therefore q     Typically 'or' is inclusive in logiic, that is, one or the other or both must be true. Sometime people use it exclusively to mean either one or the other and not both. It may even have other uses. Dilemma - p or q, if p then r, if q then s, therefore either r or s Reductio ad absurdum - for p: if not p then q, not q (by absurdity, morally unacceptable, etc), therefore p  ex falso quodlibet - if both a statement and its opposite are taken as true, anything can be proven (which is absurd, therefore contradictions are not allowed)

A: all p is q E I O

some p is q some p is not q all p is not q

24 valid 2-premise, ?3-term, syllogisms using AEIO Use Venn diagrams to validate